So I tore into things last night. It turns out that the feedback linkage was the issue. There is a little tab that connects to the feedback linkage to the control valve inside the case, and that was not connected. Once everything was opened up, it was a really easy fix. Im not sure how this could have happened though. Nothing was broken, the tab was just not in the right place. I saw some evidence of someone else having taken things apart as well (bought it used), so I am thinking that they reassembled it incorrectly.
Anyway, the tractor is back together and the three point works great! Thanks for all the help!
Though it's not likely, if anyone else has this problem, you can tell by moving the feedback linkage. If there is no resistance, it is not connected to the control valve. You should be able to feel some spring force on the feedback linkage.
If you are thinking about doing this job for any reason, its not that bad. It doesn't require any special tools, but it does require some patience. Theres quite a few linkages for everything running around under the seat, so it take some time to gain access to the lift arm housing. Ratcheting wrenches are a MUST! Overall though, I would consider this and intermediate job. No measuring, and no precision parts are needed, unless you need to get inside the control valve. I also tested the control valve by very carefully using compressed air to actuate the cylinder. This was very helpful, since I wasn't sure if there was multiple problems. When you're that far in, you want to know that things are working properly before reassembling.
Hope this helps in case anyone in the future has the same problems.