There is oil in the transmission for sure?
Was there any abnormal noise when you used it last?
How did it actually fail, was working fine and parked up, then went to use it and no go at all, or did it start to slow etc., over how long, or something else?
The oil strainer which will be on the main line from pump to transmission (bigger suction line), the big bolt holding that line on contains the filter screen. Drain the oil first.
Other possibility, you have a stripped coupling in your main hydraulic pump, as the main pump supplies oil for the hydraulics and the transmission.
Not likely but a long shot/possibility, a big air leak to the suction side the pump from the oil cooler or suction hose fitting.
Does the power steering work at all?
Flow priority valve failed and all oil being redirected to steering and back to tank?
Parts layout here
https://apps.kubotausa.com/illustrated-parts/
EDIT: Just found a service manual online, it shows 2 separate suction strainers, one for the main pump, and one for the charge pump, as well as a HST filter. (This is for the 1550 & 1750) The diagram I was looking at had only showed a single suction strainer, and the main pump supplying the transmission with oil.(Correct for the 2150) Still need to check filter screens/fluid/HST filter. What is the exact model and serial number of your tractor?