I looked at the wiring diagram. What I see is that the instrument panel/cpu is powered by two circuits. A battery circuit which is ON all the time and a switched circuit. Likely ON when the key switch is on.
I think there are more than just the dash lights (aka backlighting) being fed from the blowing fuse. I see a connection to the tail lights and likely other lights
I marked up the wiring diagram to help me understand things better but this is not an exhaustive study.
If you look closely you will see a blue line I added to help me follow the circuit(s).
Since the fuse is now blowing immediately it at least makes identifying the culprit much more certain.
Carefully examining each wiring harness part for signs of abrasion or mouse chewing is necessary.
If you can unplug the tail lights and any other lighting not working when the fuse blows.
Does the tractor start and run normally?
Dave