Any advice on how to remove the crankshaft pulley/harmonic balancer? My manual does not describe it, and I would like to see a schematic before putting a puller on it.

Yes you nailed it, the adapter is hollow and the crank splines extends through it.Not 100% sure but the crankshaft may extend into that removable shaft. At least the same illustrated parts list shows it extends
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You may need to remove the hood and radiator to be able to get to the removable shaft better?
@North Idaho Wolfman may be along to give you experienced advice
No it has not moved much. maybe .01 at the most, it did/looks like it separated from the pulley, but not enough to get behind it, What you may be seeing that looks like it moved is the actual belt section of the pulley.Can you see down the center of the removable shaft? What is there? I assume you would be seeing the splines of the crankshaft extension.
I would spray that with a good penetrating oil like PB Blaster, Kroil, … and then rotate the engine if you can safely.
It looks like you have moved it out about a quarter inch from the pulley. Is that truly the case? If so I would spray the crankshaft extension with a good penetrating oil all around the shaft. Then let it sit for a while (overnight?). Then see if you can move it off any further. If not, then spray the crankshaft extension splines on both ends of the removable shaft and see if you can tap the removable shaft slightly towards the engine. Then see if you can get it to move back to where it was or further if possbile. If that works then try going back and forth with the removable shaft, hopefully getting it further off each time. Keep spraying both ends so the penetrating oil will be moved around with the removable shaft.
Good luck!
Oh now I can see that it has not moved much and that is the pulley groove I thought was open space.No it has not moved much. maybe .01 at the most, it did/looks like it separated from the pulley, but not enough to get behind it, What you may be seeing that looks like it moved is the actual belt section of the pulley.
I was finally able to work on this again and I had been soaking it for the past 8 months in my garage rotating it, I wire brushed the, tried a bearing puller clamping it behind the spline. Nothing worked. Then I took a gamble and figures out where the relief was on the balance pulley hub and drilled and tapped it in 3 places. then built a puller using a flat piece of 1/4 aluminum plate and (3) 3/16 bolts and the threaded section of a standard 3 prong puller. The torque was so high on the 5/8 push bolt on the pulley that it bent with heat applied to the PTO flange at the same time, hot enough that the end of the PTO started to turn red before it started to pull off. But I was able to remove it and replace the front main oil seal.Blow out the inner area to clear the crankshaft spline, and spray penetrating oil inside the bore.
After it sets overnight, work the adapter around to free it.
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I've never had one on that tight, but 42 to 49 years and the right (wrong) conditions can make that happen.I was finally able to work on this again and I had been soaking it for the past 8 months in my garage rotating it, I wire brushed the, tried a bearing puller clamping it behind the spline. Nothing worked. Then I took a gamble and figures out where the relief was on the balance pulley hub and drilled and tapped it in 3 places. then built a puller using a flat piece of 1/4 aluminum plate and (3) 3/16 bolts and the threaded section of a standard 3 prong puller. The torque was so high on the 5/8 push bolt on the pulley that it bent with heat applied to the PTO flange at the same time, hot enough that the end of the PTO started to turn red before it started to pull off. But I was able to remove it and replace the front main oil seal.