Not knowing the exact construction of your bush hog, I think you can now remove the gear box if that is in your plan. If that is not in the plan, it might be easier to work on if it is removed from mower and on a workbench.
If it was on a workbench you could turn it vertically (upside down) and get some good penetrating oil to run down the splined shaft. I use PB Blaster but there are others (Kroil, Mouse Milk, Knock ‘er loose, Big Break….). You may have better access for a puller to be installed.
You would also have better access to cut the hub off the shaft, if it comes to that. But you might want to drain the oil out of the gear box before it drains onto the work bench.
Rusted splined shafts are often very difficult to separate if there is rust involved. One thing to remember is that you may need to get the hub moved further onto the shaft to help get it off the shaft. In other words, if the puller gets it to move a little bit, it may be a good idea to stop pulling, spray both ends of the hub/shaft area and then use a hammer to move it back that same little bit. That will get the penetrating oil to spread along the shaft and start breaking down the rust better. Just continuing in one direction can pile the rust up and jam the shaft/hub junction worse than before.
Good Luck!