Ok, 12.85 v at the battery, 12.85 at the starter, 12.85 through the 40 amp fuse and 12.85 at the starter solenoid. no voltage at the ignition switch. going to unwrap the wiring harness behind the dash next.
bypassed the 2 safety switches already.
Before you dig into the wiring you can try a couple of other things that might tell you some things.
1) Take the solenoid wire (probably black with white stripe) off of the spade terminal. Then with a heavy jumper (some people use an old screwdriver) connect the male spade out of the solenoid to the positive battery cable post on the starter. Be able to remove the connection easily. You should get sparks but go ahead with the connection and the starter should turn the engine over. Have the key in the OFF position or the engine could start. Replace the original wire when you complete the test.
2) Take a wire that is red and the same gauge as the wire running positive power to the key switch. Disconnect the positive wire that is connected to the switch and replace it with the new wire. Then connect the other end of the new wire to the battery positive terminal. Try starting the tractor like you normally would and see what happens.
Test 1 will tell you if your starter and solenoid are working properly. You could take the starter off and get it checked out at an auto parts store.
Test 2 will tell you what happens if there is 12 volts provided to the key switch. (I am a little confused by you statement that you don’t have 12 volts at the key but you do have 12 volts at the “solenoid”. I assume that you mean 12 volts at the starter positive battery cable connection point that should also be feeding the key switch.
I am also assuming that the key switch wiring is individual connection points and not a plug style connection.